For clinical reference only — does not replace local trust guidelines or clinical judgement.
Blood Results

Hypokalaemia

Hypokalaemia

Severity
Range
  • Mild
    K 3.0–3.4
  • Moderate
    K 2.5–2.9
  • Severe
    K < 2.5 or symptomatic / ECG changes
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GI losses Causes

VomitingDiarrhoeaNG suctionHigh-output stoma / fistula
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Renal losses Causes

Loop / thiazide diureticsHyperaldosteronism (Conn's)Cushing'sRenal tubular acidosis 1 & 2Bartter / Gitelman

Cellular shift Causes

Insulin (DKA treatment)Salbutamol / β-agonistsAlkalosisRefeeding syndrome
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Reduced intake Causes

AlcoholismAnorexiaPoor oral intake
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Drugs Causes

DiureticsSteroidsTheophyllineAmphotericin