Hypoglycaemia
Severity
Range
- MildBG 3.5–3.9, asymptomatic
- ModerateBG < 3.5 or symptomatic, conscious
- SevereBG < 3.0 with reduced GCS / seizure / unable to swallow
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Endocrine / diabetes Causes
Insulin overdose (deliberate or error)Sulfonylurea (gliclazide, glibenclamide)Missed meal on insulin / SUAddison's diseaseHypopituitarismInsulinoma
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Hepatic Causes
Acute liver failureEnd-stage cirrhosisHepatocellular carcinoma
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Renal Causes
AKI / CKD (reduced insulin clearance)Reduced gluconeogenesis
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Sepsis / critical illness Causes
Severe sepsisMalariaCritical illness (multi-organ failure)
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Drugs / toxins Causes
Alcohol (especially with poor intake)Quinine, pentamidineBeta-blockers (mask symptoms)Salicylate overdose
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Nutritional Causes
Starvation / malnutritionPost-bariatric dumping syndromeAnorexia nervosa