Confusion
🚨 Life-Threatening — exclude first
If suspected, escalate now.
Sepsis
Stroke / Intracranial Haemorrhage
Hypoglycaemia
Hypoxia / Hypercapnia
Meningitis / Encephalitis
Wernicke's Encephalopathy
🚨
Dangerous Causes Causes
SepsisStroke / ICHHypoglycaemiaMeningitisWernicke's
🧠
Neurological Causes
DeliriumDementia (background)Stroke / TIASeizure / post-ictalSubdural Haematoma
🩸
Metabolic Causes
Electrolyte Disturbance (Na+, Ca2+)AKI / UraemiaHepatic EncephalopathyEndocrine — thyroid, adrenal
💊
Drug Causes
OpioidsBenzodiazepinesAnticholinergicsAlcohol withdrawalPolypharmacy
🦠
Infectious Causes
UTIPneumoniaSepsis from any sourceMeningitis / Encephalitis