For clinical reference only — does not replace local trust guidelines or clinical judgement.
‹ Vital Signs
Vital Signs

Bradycardia

Bradycardia

Severity
HR
  • Mild
    50–60 bpm asymptomatic
  • Significant
    < 50 bpm or symptomatic
  • Emergency
    Adverse signs / Mobitz II / CHB
🚨 Life-Threatening — exclude first
If suspected, escalate now.
Complete heart block
Mobitz type II AV block
Bradycardia from hyperkalaemia or massive overdose
Hypothermia with bradyarrhythmia
Raised ICP with Cushing reflex
❤️

Cardiac Causes

AV block (I / II / III)Sinus node dysfunctionInferior MI (vagal)Post-cardiac surgery
💊

Drugs Causes

Beta-blockersNon-DHP calcium-channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil)Digoxin toxicityAmiodaroneIvabradineDonepezil / cholinesterase inhibitors
🧪

Metabolic / Electrolyte Causes

HyperkalaemiaHypothermiaHypothyroidism (myxoedema)
🧠

Neurogenic Causes

Raised intracranial pressure (Cushing reflex)Vasovagal episodeCarotid sinus hypersensitivity
🏃

Physiological Causes

Athletic conditioningSleep